The patella, most commonly referred to as the kneecap, is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. The kneecap. b. Introduction: Definition. Learn patella anatomy with free interactive flashcards. Muscles in the thigh, parts of the femur, and a tendon in the knee, referred to as medial patellar retinaculum and that crosses the knee joint in the middle of the patella, all work together to keep the patella stabilized. Biology. If dislocated, the kneecap can no longer slide along the thighbone’s grooves, which can aggravate and damage cartilage on both the femur and the tibia. The apex, or point, of the patella points downward towards the shin while the base of the bone sits upward towards the thigh. Injuries tend to be more pronounced in high impact sports. Its superior aspect is attached to the quadriceps tendon and inferior aspect to the patellar ligament. It is a small, freestanding, bone that rests between the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone). Also called kneecap . It is sometimes called "runner's knee" or "jumper's knee" because it is common in people who participate in sports—particularly females and young adults—but PFPS can occur in nonathletes, as well. Two of the most common conditions related to the patella are patellar tendonitis and patella dislocations. noun. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a broad term used to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the patella, or kneecap. Cox Chandler. prevalence reported at 3.5%; even less frequent with newer component designs A retrospective review of an … This muscle is the largest of the quadriceps group (often called quads) which also…, The adductor pollicis is a large triangular muscle located in the hand. Updated January 2017. the flat, movable bone at the front of the knee; kneecap. The patella is commonly referred to as the kneecap. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Knee Patella. For patellar tendonitis, there are a number of ways to treat and rehabilitate the patella. Patellar Dislocation. With significant pain and functional limitation, patellar dislocations are a severe injury for athletes and non-athletes alike. Rochelle Collins, DO, is a board-certified family medicine doctor currently practicing in Bloomfield, Connecticut. Treating Chondromalacia: Exercises to Relieve Knee Pain, Everything to Know About Chondromalacia Treatment, Patella injuries can be relatively common. Synonym (s): facies patellaris femoris [TA], trochlea femoris Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 Want to thank TFD for its existence? ‘The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and provides increased mechanical advantage for knee extension.’. The Patella. Usually it is diagnosed by radiography and by determining the ratio between the length of the patellar tendon and the vertical length of the patella (Insall-Salvati ratio). Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. any limpet of the family … (n.d.). ANATOMY OF PATELLAR DISLOCATION DONALD C. FITHIAN, MD, EIKI NOMURA, MD, and ELIZABETH ARENDT, MD Acute patellar dislocation is a commbn injury that can lead to disabling knee pain and/or recurrent instability. Menu. The patella in an adult is about 2 inches (5 cm) across. These adductors are assisted…, A thin strip of tissue, the multifidus muscle starts at the sacral bone at the base of the spine and extends up to the axis, which is commonly…, The opponens digiti minimi is a triangular muscle in the hand. a painful, palpable "clunk" at the patellofemoral articulation of posterior stabilized TKA caused by a fibrous nodule of scar tissue at the posterior surface of the distal quadriceps tendon/superior patellar pole catching on the box of the femoral component during knee extension; Epidemiology. This occurs when the patella doesn't dislocate from its groove entirely but does have difficulty moving within its groove tracking which causes pain and swelling. A flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint. The patellar ligament is usually around 5 cm in length, but its length varies with knee flexion. As a form of protection, both bones also contain cartilage — strong, flexible tissue — in the areas near the patella. The main job of the patella is to help with knee extension and movement, while offering protection for the knee joint. For more serious cases, your doctor may opt for a corticosteroid injection to help relieve pain or even surgery if repairs to the tendons surrounding the patella need to be made. American Academy of Orthpaedic Surgeons. Under the patella and the at the end of the femur is articular cartilage, which makes it possible for the patella and femur bones to move alongside each other. Zoology. The patellar tendon arises from the apex of the patella as well as its anterior and posterior surfaces. The middle of the patella consists of openings for arteries to supply blood to the kneecap. The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. patellar: [pətel′ər] Etymology: L, patella, small dish pertaining to the patella. 0. ... (anatomy) The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap. . Last medically reviewed on January 23, 2018, The adductor hallucis is a two-headed muscle that is responsible for flexing and contracting the big toe, and reinforcing the arch of the foot. The knee joins the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). Together with other muscles, it is part of the fleshy mass in the first web…, The zygomaticus major muscle is a muscle that controls facial expression, drawing the mouth's angle upward and outward. For a patella dislocation, the only way to remedy this condition is to relocate the patella back into its groove. A pan or dish in ancient Rome. With dislocation, tendon tearing and fragments of bone may come loose. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and it lies within the quadriceps tendon in front of the knee joint. 2. Ⓒ 2021 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. The patella is commonly referred to as the kneecap. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen reduce both pain and swelling. an injury to the tendon connecting your kneecap (patella) to your shinbone. A dish-shaped anatomical formation. Patella injuries can be relatively common, particularly in those who are extremely active and put a lot of extra stress or pressure on the bone through running, exercising, and competitive sports. If the patella or the tendon associated with it becomes injured, a person will experience difficulty walking, running, standing, or engaging in athletic activity. A sesamoid bone is one that is embedded in a tendon and, in the patella’s case, it exists within the quadriceps tendon. All rights reserved. The term jumper's knee was first used in 1973 to describe an insertional tendinopathy. The patella is a thick, flat, triangular bone with its apex pointing downwards. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common cause of knee pain in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. Patellar tendonitis is also commonly referred to as jumper’s knee, as it is more likely to occur in sports or activities that require a lot of jumping like basketball. More example sentences. The bone originates from multiple ossification centres that develop from the ages of three to six, which rapidly coalesce. The talus sits at the…, The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the side of the thigh. For those who are experiencing patellar subluxation, treatment ranges from physical therapy to braces and tape to help guide the patella. Jumper's kneeusually involves the attachment of the kneecap tendon to the lower kneecap pole. a translational or rotational deviation of the patella to any axis, associated with several soft-tissue and osteochondral abnormalities and mostly characterised by a tilted and lateral displaced patella Patellar Tendinitis. This causes pain and swelling, as well as possibly tearing the ligaments that hold the patella in place from popping out of its location. For more details, see our Privacy Policy. This tendon helps hold the patella in place along with other muscles found in and near the quadriceps so it can do its most important job, protect the knee joint. the groove formed anteriorly between the anterosuperior portions of the femoral condyles that accommodates the patella. It is pointed in shape, and gives attachment to the patellar ligament. The back of the patella forms a joint with the femur, otherwise known as the thighbone. The base is also what attaches to the quadriceps tendon. (noun) Dictionary ! The vast majority of dislocations are … Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2019. It is the largest joint in the human body. In terms of protection, the patella gives the front of the knee joint support during activities like exercise or even from daily wear and tear from walking and stepping. What does patella mean? Some people may not have a complete patella dislocation, but they can experience a patellar subluxation. ‘The capsule also is reinforced in front by the patellar and quadriceps tendons and posteriorly by the popliteus and gastrocnemius muscles.’ ‘The combined tendon of quadriceps attaches to the superior and medial borders of the patella, and in part in front and beyond the patella to join the patellar ligament.’ Anatomy. The femur has a dedicated groove along which the kneecap slides. lae [puh-tel-ee]. lae 1. a. That's a tendon injury seen in athletes at the point where the tendon attaches to bone. © 2005-2021 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Patellar Height: Insall-SalvatiRatio Applicable to lateral film, ideally withkneein30°flexion Normal with knee in 30 Measure the greatest diagonal length of the patella (B, yellow line) Ptll Measure the length of patellar tendon (A, red line) from the lower poleofthepatellatotheinsertion Patellar length (B) pole of the patella to the insertion Pfeifle EdD, PT, FNAP, in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Secrets (Third Edition), 2017 5 Define patella alta.. Patella alta refers to a cephalad position of the patella. Depending on the severity of the pain and tendonitis options range from over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen to physical therapy to help stretch and strengthen the muscles and tendons surrounding the patella. 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